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Practical Results
- Apple Diseases Identification Sheet
- ATTRA. 2014
- Apple Insect Pests Identification Sheet
- ATTRA. 2014
- Apples: Organic Production Guide
- ATTRA. 2011
- ATTRA. 2011
- The biology of apple aphids [PDF - 1.9 MB]
- Ohio State University Knowledge Bank
- Ohio State University Knowledge Bank
- Characteristics of Conventional and Organic Apple Production in the United States [PDF - 1.1 MB]
- USDA Economic Research Service. 2011
- Dealing with Pre-harvest and Storage Disease in Apples
- Ontario Minintry of Agriculture and Food. 2013
- Dynamic controlled atmosphere for storage of organic apples
- Organic Eprints. 2014
- Organic Eprints. 2014
- A Grower's Guide to Organic Apples
- Cornell University. 2010
- Ecological Management of Key Arthropod Pests in Northeast Apple Orchards
- Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education. 2015
- Incorporation of GF-120 Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait into orchard integrated pest management (IPM) for apple maggot
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2012
- Mite pests in apples
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2011
- Non-Antibiotic Control of Fire Blight: What Works As We Head Into a New Era Recorded Webinar
- eOrganic. 2015
- Nursery Trees for the New Orchard
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2009
- Orchard design for the new apple orchard
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2009
- Organic Apple Production Guide for Atlantic Canada [PDF - 6.9 MB]
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2008
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2008
- Organic Apple Production Guide for Nova Scotia [PDF - 132 kB]
- Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada. 2004
- Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada. 2004
- Preparing for Planting the New Apple Orchard
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2009
- Rosy Apple Aphid
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2011
- Site Selection for New Orchard Plantings
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2009
- Springtime in the Orchard: Organic Strategies for Apple Pest Management
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2014
- Training the new apple tree
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 2009
- Transitioning to organic: Pine Creek Apple Orchards
- Rodale Institute. 2007
- Rodale Institute. 2007
Scientific Results
- Alternative Organic Fungicides for Apple Scab Management and Their Non-target Effects
- HortScience (2011) 46: 1254-1259
- HortScience (2011) 46: 1254-1259
- Assessment of Potential Organic Pollenicides as Apple Blossom Thinners
- International Journal of Fruit Science (2007) 6: 35-52
- Causal relationship between biodiversity of insect population and agro-management in organic and conventional apple orchard
- Organic Agriculture (2017) eArticle: 1-16
- Comparison of invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand apple orchards using integrated pest management, with or without codling moth mating disruption, or organic pest management
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (2017) 247: 379-388
- Composted Dairy Manure and Alfalfa Hay Mulch Affect Soil Ecology and Early Production of ‘Braeburn’ Apple on M.9 Rootstock
- HortScience (2013) 48: 645-651
- Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Locally Grown Organic Apples
- HortScience (2010) 45: 376-381
- The Control of Apple Maggots in Organic Orchards with GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait
- Acta Horticulturae (2010) 873: 283-288
- Acta Horticulturae (2010) 873: 283-288
- Cover Crops Influence Meadow Vole Presence in Organic Orchards
- HortTechnology (2009) 19:558-562
- Culturable fungi of stored "Golden Delicious" apple fruits: A one-season comparison study of organic and integrated production systems in Switzerland
- Organic Eprints. 2014
- Decrease in diversity and changes in community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of apple trees with increasing orchard management intensity across a regional scale
- Molecular Ecology (2015) 24: 941-952
- Diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in semiochemical-baited traps targeting apple clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in organic and conventional apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada
- The Canadian Entomologist (2015) 147: 227-243
- Effect of conventional and organic orchard floor management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a ‘Cripp’s Pink’/M7 apple orchard soil
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (2015) 213: 131-141
- Effect of Cover Crops on Yield and Leaf Nutrient Concentrations in an Organic Honeycrisp Apple (Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp’) Orchard in Nova Scotia, Canada
- HortScience (2106) 51: 1378-1383
- Effect of management strategies on arthropod communities in the colonies of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in south-eastern France
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (2016) 216: 203-206
- The effect of organic mulches and mycorrhizal substrate on growth, yield and quality of Gold Milenium apples on M.9 rootstock
- Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2014) 94: 281-291
- Effect of pest management system on ‘Empire’ apple leaf phyllosphere populations
- Scientia Horticulturae (2015) 183: 58-65
- Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions
- Scientia Horticulturae (2007) 111: 371-377
- Effect of Surround WP on Behavior and Mortality of Apple Maggot
- Journal of Economic Entomology (2010) 103: 394-401
- Effects of autumn kaolin and pyrethrin treatments on the spring population of Dysaphis plantaginea in apple orchards
- Journal of Applied Entomology (2004) 128: 147-149
- Effects of different organic apple production systems on seasonal nutrient variations of soil and leaf
- Scientia Horticulturae (2011) 129: 9-17
- Efficacy of a physical method for control of direct pests of apples and peaches
- Journal of Applied Entomology (2013) 137: 790-800
- Estimated nitrogen use efficiency, surplus, and partitioning in young apple trees grown in varied organic production systems
- Scientia Horticulturae (2011) 129: 674-679
- Evaluating the environmental impacts of conventional and organic apple production in Nova Scotia, Canada, through life cycle assessment
- Journal of Cleaner Production (2015) 104: 40-51
- Exploitation of natural resources to increase soil health: BIO-INCROP, a project on organic fruit tree cropping systems
- Organic Eprints. 2012
- Floor Management Systems in an Organic Apple Orchard Affect Fruit Quality and Storage Life
- HortScience (2015) 50: 434-441
- Flowers promote aphid suppression in apple orchards
- Biological Control (2013) 66: 8-15
- Groundcover Management and Nutrient Source Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration in an Organically Managed Apple Orchard in the Ozark Highlands
- HortScience (2014) 49: 637-644
- Groundcover Management System and Nutrient Source Impacts on Soil Quality Indicators in an Organically Managed Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) Orchard in the Ozark Highlands
- HortScience (2015) 50: 295-303
- Habitat manipulation of the apple orchard floor to increase ground-dwelling predators and predation of Cydia pomonella
- Biological Control (2004) 265-273
- Impact of cover crop in pre-plant of apple orchards: relationship between crop health, root inhabiting fungi and rhizospheric bacteria
- Canadian Journal of Plant Science (2015) 95: 947-958
- Impact of crop protection strategies on natural enemies in organic apple production
- Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2015) 35: 803-813
- Impact of exclusion netting row covers on arthropod presence and crop damage to ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees in North America: A five-year study
- Crop Protection (2017) 98: 248-254
- Impact of organic and conventional peach and apple production practices on soil microbial populations and plant nutrients
- Organic Agriculture (2016) 6: 19-30
- Influence of biologically enhanced organic production on antioxidant and sensory qualities of (Malus x domestica Borkh. cv Braeburn) apples
- Organic Agriculture (2012) 2: 117-126
- The influence of organic/integrated production on the content of phenolic compounds in apple leaves and fruits in four different varieties over a 2-year period
- Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (2010) 90: 2366-2378
- Influence of Orchard Floor Management and Compost Application Timing on Nitrogen Partitioning in Apple Trees
- HortScience (2010) 45: 637-642
- Integrated and Organic Fruit Production Systems for ‘Liberty’ Apple in the Northeast United States: A Systems-based Evaluation
- HortScience (2010) 45: 1038-1048
- An Interactive Economic Decision Support Tool for Risk and Return Analysis of Organic Apple Production
- HortTechnology (2014) 24: 757-770
- Life cycle analysis reveals higher agroecological benefits of organic and low-input apple production
- Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2013) 33: 581-592
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) for apple orchard production systems including low and high productive years in conventional, integrated and organic farms
- Agricultural Systems (2017) 153: 81-93
- Life history data of the rosy apple aphid on plantain and as migrant to apple
- Journal of Pest Science (2004) 77: 155-163
- Management diversity within organic production influences epigeal spider communities in apple orchards
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (2016) 216: 73-81
- Management of weeds, apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug) and plum curcuclio (Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst) with cellulose sheeting
- Crop Protection (2006) 25: 331-337
- Managing Apple Crop Load and Diseases with Bloom Thinning Applications in an Organically Managed ‘Honeycrisp’/‘MM.111’ Orchard
- HortScience (2017) 52: 377-381
- Mass Release of Trichogramma evanescens and T. cacoeciae Can Reduce Damage by the Apple Codling Moth Cydia pomonella in Organic Orchards under Pheromone Disruption
- Insects (2017) 8: 41
- Orchard management influences both functional and taxonomic ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) diversity in South-East France
- Applied Soil Ecology (2015) 88: 26-31
- Organically acceptable practices to improve replant success of temperate tree-fruit crops
- Scientia Horticulturae (2016) 200: 205-214
- Organic management of apple flea weevil, a reemergent pest of commercial apples
- Organic Agriculture (2016) 6: 203-213
- Organic mulches alter nematode communities, root growth and fluxes of phosphorus in the root zone of apple
- Applied Soil Ecology (2008) 39: 15-22
- Organic Orchard Floor Management Systems for Apple Effect on Rootstock Performance in the Midwestern United States
- HortScience (2009) 44: 263-267
- A Phenology Model for Codling Moth Management in Quebec Apple Orchards
- Acta Horticulturae (2015) 1068: 51-56
- The positive influence of year-round reflective mulch on apple yield and quality in commercial orchards
- Acta Horticulturae (2004) 636: 513-519
- Potential Nitrogen Contributions from Legumes in Pacific Northwest Apple Orchards
- International Journal of Fruit Science (2011) 11: 74-87
- Relationships between the biochemical and spectral traits of leaves and the productivity of apple trees in organic and integrated production systems
- Biological Agriculture & Horticulture (2017) 33: 97-114
- The role of natural enemies on the population dynamics of the rosy apple aphid in organic apple orchards in south-eastern France
- Biological Control (2010) 55: 97-109
- Soil microbial dynamics in organic (biodynamic) and integrated apple orchards
- Organic Agriculture (2012) 2: 1-11
- Soil properties change during the transition to integrated and organic apple production in a New York orchard
- Applied Soil Ecology (2011) 48: 18-30
- Soil properties under different orchard floor management systems for organic apple production
- Organic Agriculture (2011) 3: 11-18
- Species diversity and community composition of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in apple roots are affected by site and orchard management
- Applied Soil Ecology (2017) 116: 42-54
- Spider predation on rosy apple aphid in conventional, organic and insecticide-free orchards and its impact on aphid populations
- Biological Control (2016) 104: 57-65
- Successful Blossom Thinning and Crop Load Regulation for Organic Apple Growing with Potassium-bi-carbonate (Armicarb®): Results of Field Experiments over 3 Years with 11 Cultivars
- European Journal of Horticultural Science (2012) 77: 145-153
- European Journal of Horticultural Science (2012) 77: 145-153
- Sugar, acid and phenol contents in apple cultivars from organic and integrated fruit cultivation
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2006) 60: 1136-1140
- Suitable orchard floor management strategies in organic apple orchards that augment soil organic matter and maintain tree performance
- Plant and Soil (2014) 378: 325-335
- Suitability of old apple varieties in organic farming, based on their resistance against apple scab and powdery mildew
- Organic Agriculture (2016) 6: 183-189
- Surface application of mulches and biosolids affect orchard soil properties after 7 years
- Canadian Journal of Soil Science (2003) 83: 131-137
- Sustainability of Organic, Conventional, and Integrated Apple Orchards [PDF - 100 kB]
- Plant Management Network. 2006
- Plant Management Network. 2006
- Tailoring Organic Apples by Cultivar Selection, Production System, and Post-harvest Treatment to Improve Quality and Storage Life
- HortScience (2013) 48: 92-101
- Temperature effects on egg development of the rosy apple aphid and forecasting of egg hatch
- Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (2006) 119: 207-211
- Three-Year Comparison of the Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Capacities in Organically and Conventionally Produced Apples (Malus domestica Bork. Cultivar `Golden Delicious')
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009) 57: 4598-4605
- Use of Organic Acids to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on Organic Fresh Apples and Lettuce
- Journal of Food Science (2011) 76 : M293-298
- Use of organic application to increase productivity of high density apple orchards
- Acta Horticulturae (2004) 638: 347-356
For more information about Organic Science Cluster research on organic apple production, please see the following Research Activities:
- OSCII Activity B.10: Integrated organic practices in apple orchard management
- OSCII Activity B.11: Exclusion nets for organic apple production in Eastern Canada
- OSCII Activity C.21: Development of organic control strategies for apple scab
- OSC Activity F.3: Ecologically sound soil management in perennial fruit plantings
- OSC Activity F.4: Innovative herbicide and fungicide replacement strategies for organic apple production
- OSC Activity F.7: Control of Rosy Apple Aphid (RAA) in Organic Apple Orchards