OSC Activity D.1
Agroecosystem management for pest control in organic vegetable production
Activity Researchers
Name | Affiliation |
---|---|
Maryse Leblanc, Lead Researcher maryse.leblanc@irda.qc.ca |
Weed Scientist |
Josée Boisclair, Collaborator josee.boisclair@irda.qc.ca |
Researcher, Entomology Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA) 3300 rue Sicotte PO Box 480 Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7B8 |
Katrine Stewart, Collaborator katrine.stewart@mcgill.ca |
Associate Professor Department of Plant Science McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Rd Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 |
Objectives
The purpose of this project is to research (develop and improve) the management of organic vegetable production systems that can increase biodiversity while preventing and minimizing pest problems. The specific objectives are to:
- Determine the effect of crimper-rolled winter rye on weed control, insect populations and transplanted vegetable crop productivity.
- Determine the effect of companion planting of carrot with leek on crop enemies (insects, weeds and diseases).
- Determine the efficacy of trap plants to attract herbivorous insect populations and deplete them on the main crop .
- Determine the efficacy of flowering strips to increase insect biodiversity.
Activity Summary
The purpose of this project is to increase biodiversity while preventing and minimizing pest problems in organic vegetable production systems. The specific objectives are to:
- Determine the effect of crimper-rolled winter rye on weed control, insect populations and transplanted vegetable crop productivity. The vegetable crops will be broccoli, onion, pepper and melon.
- Determine the effect of companion planting of carrot with leek on crop enemies (insects (leek moth, onion maggot, carrot rust fly, and beneficial insects), weeds and diseases).
- Determine the efficacy of trap plants to attract herbivorous insect populations and deplete them on the main crop. Petunias will be used as trap plants in cabbage to determine their effect on the incidence of cabbage maggot and Jimsonweed will be planted in a potato crop to determine its effect on Colorado potato beetle population.
- Determine the efficacy of flowering strips in increasing insect biodiversity. The effect of alfalfa, petunia, phacelia, mustard, yarrow, alyssum, coriander, cosmos, french marigold, nasturtium on beneficial insects and pest abundance will be studied.
This project will be established at the Organic Agriculture Platform, in St-Bruno-de-Montarville, Québec and consists of 4 experiments that will be conducted over 2 or 3 years in the field. The field crop production methods will follow organic agriculture specifications. This project will innovate by identifying and scientifically quantifying the benefits of increasing biodiversity while controlling insects and weeds by interseeds and intercrops. More specifically, this project will: identify strategies that increase biodiversity in agroecosystem; identify and quantify the insect (beneficial and herbivorous) response to various attracting or repelling plants; identify flowering species that attract beneficial insects; identify horticultural crops and quantify their response to rye allelopathy; provide effective pest control solutions immediately useable in the organic vegetable production systems under study; provide a general framework that could be used to expand results in other production areas (provinces) and in organic crop production systems not initially included; and identify weeding strategies that improve weed control while decreasing hand weeding time.
Some of the outcomes of this research project are a reduction in required pest control intensity with the adoption of the improved management systems on organic farms (e.g. costs and labour expected to be reduced by 10%); a decrease in hand weeding time of 15% and a 5% increase in yield with companion planting. These improvements will be useable by all growers and crop advisors involved in horticultural production (organic or conventional) as soon as they become available. The increase in vegetable quality (reduced incidence of insect pests) could increase the attractiveness of organic vegetable produces on supermarket shelves and decrease their production costs (with an increase in productivity).
Results
- Josée Boisclair, Entomologist with the Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA) in Québec, took home a Best Poster Award from October's 18th IFOAM Organic World Congress in Istanbul for her poster titled "Beneficial and Pest Insects Associated with Ten Flowering Plant Species Grown in Québec, Canada" [PDF - 5.6 MB]
- Beneficial and pest insects associated with ten flowering plant species grown in Québec, Canada
- Organic Eprints. 2014
- Organic Eprints. 2014
- Assessment of Carrot (Daucus carota) and Leek (Allium porrum) as Companion Organic Crops: Can they Benefit Each Other? [PDF - 31 kB]
- Canadian Organic Science Conference. 2012
- Canada's Organic Science Cluster, Activity D.1: Agroecosystem Management for Pest Control in Organic Vegetable Production [PDF - 30 kB]
- Canadian Organic Science Conference. 2012
- The Effects of Crimper-Rolled Winter Rye on the Agroecosystem and its Impact on Transplanted Vegetable Crop Productivity [PDF - 30 kB]
- Canadian Organic Science Conference. 2012
- Planting for Pest Control [PDF - 11.1 MB]
- The Canadian Organic Grower. 2012
- Preliminary Observations on the Potential of Flowering Strips to Attract Beneficial Insects [PDF - 30 kB]
- Canadian Organic Science Conference. 2012
Background and Supporting Documents
- Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review
- Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems (2004) 19: 187-198
- Companion Planting: Basic Concept and Resources
- ATTRA. 2009
- ATTRA. 2009
- Effects of flower attractiveness and nectar availability in field margins on biological control by parasitoids
- Biological Control (2008) 46: 400-408
- Flowering plant strips as potential host plants for natural enemies [PDF - 8.7 MB]
- Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry
- Insect behavioural ecology and other factors affecting the control efficacy of agro-ecosystem diversification strategies
- Ecological Modelling (2005) 182: 199-216
- Integrating agroecological processes into cropping systems research
- Journal of Crop Improvement (2004) 11: 61-80
- Introducing a cover crop roller without all the drawbacks of a stalk chopper
- Rodale Institute. 2003
- Rodale Institute. 2003
- Mechanisms of weed suppression in cover crop–based production systems
- HortScience (1996) 31: 410-413
- Organic Crop Production Overview
- ATTRA. 2004
- ATTRA. 2004
- Weed Suppression in Spring-Sown Rye (Secale cereale)–Pea (Pisum sativum) Cover Crop Mixes
- Weed Technology (2000) 14: 545-549